HOW TO
MEASURE CULTURE?
March 6th 2015
In my 4th class of intercultural management we
disused a very interesting and controversial topic, why is it controversial?
Because it has a lot of topics and approaches to get into account before arrive
to a conclusion and those conclusions can vary depends on the culture and the
way people see things.
The first approach or topic that we have to take
into account is the barrier on language, how language can affect our relations,
business and mostly important the communication by itself across countries and
cultures, according to Heiko ''If you don’t speak the same language, effective
work and communication are close to impossible (without translator)''. This is
in a way true, but we cannot forget that there are a lot of ways to
communicate, for example the non-verbal communication, is not as effective as
the verbal communication but we can get us understand by symbols and signs,
also we can take into account that the language is constantly evolving, there
is Jargon that according to the Merriam Webster dictionary can be define ''as
the specific language used for a particular activity or by a particular group
of people'', also there is Argot that according to the same source is ''the
language used by a particular type or group of people'' as well as Acronyms
that are the contraction of a word for example World Trade Organization, the
acronym would be WTO.
After this our professor gave us an example of
how difficult would be doing a basic activity (ordering food in a restaurant)
if we do not know the language, and I know that this has happened to all of us.
Knowing this we asked ourselves, how do we
measure culture? There are a lot of possibilities and methods to measure this
but Heiko explained to us the the most efficient, easy and faster way was
asking and doing surveys, because with this we can gather information to
further analysis.
On the second part of the class, Heiko
introduced us Gerard Hofstede, his real name is Gerard Hendrik Hofstede, but he is better known as ''Greet'' Hofstede.
He was born in Haarlem (Netherlands) the 2nd of October 1928. He
is a social psychologist and an anthropologist, his main study
is the cultural dimension theory. This theory has five
dimensions, Individualism, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation, Uncertainty
avoidance and Power Distance and according to Hofstede, with these tools
we can measure culture but it is necessary to do surveys to get into a
conclusion.
It was very interesting the
fact that in Colombia those measures have been applied also that we already
know the score that Colombians have in each one.
- - Individualism: ‘‘Individualism stands for a society in which the ties between individuals are loose: Everyone is expected to look after him/herself and her/his immediate family only.
Collectivism clearly is one of the characteristics that
Colombians have and this is why the people is kind and helpful, Colombians like
to help others and they have the thought that as more people doing something
better is the result.
Colombians always say ‘‘Dos cabezas piensan más que una’’ in
English ‘‘Two heads think more than one’’.
According to Hofstede Colombia has a Score of 13 being one
of the more collectivistic country of the world
- - Uncertainty avoidance: “The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situations.” (Knapp, 2011)
Colombia has a score of 80 which means that Colombians
are afraid of not knowing what is going to happen in the future. From my point
of view this fact is more on the side of the nervousness
of the change. Colombians do not like to have changes in their life too often,
they are afraid to have something unusual happening.
- - Masculinity: ‘‘Masculinity stands for a society in which social gender roles are clearly distinct: Men are supposed to be assertive, tough and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life’’. (Hofstede, 2001)
- - Femininity: ‘’Stands for a society in which social gender roles overlap: Both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.” (Hofstede, 2001)
Colombia has a score of 64;
it is a high score which means that in Colombia men has a more success in everything
that they do, and women tend to be quiet and do everything tan men say.
I think that this has changed;
nowadays woman has a very important role within society in terms of leading
important economic, social and political projects.
- - Long term orientation: ‘‘Stands for the fostering of virtues oriented towards future rewards, in particular, perseverance and thrift. Its opposite pole’’(Hofstede, 2001)
- - Short term orientation: ‘‘Stands for the fostering of virtues related to the past and present, in particular, respect for tradition, preservation of “face” and fulfilling social obligations.” (Hofstede, 2001)
In this dimension Colombia scored 13 which mean that is more directed to
the long term orientation, Colombians are very concern in terms of traditions
and norms, they follow them as the absolute truth.
- - Power Distance: “The extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. ’’ (Hofstede, 2001)
Colombia has a score of 67 which means that
the differences between social classes are abysmal, as well as the differences
between employee and boss, ruler and citizen and we can see this in terms on
the economic differences.
QUESTION!!!
How can we eliminate language barriers in
business?
With the globalization the world has been closer
and for instance the transportation has made easier the communication between
countries, however people from all around the world do not speak the same language,
although the international tongue is English people always think that is better
to speak in their mother language, making communication and business cross
borders harder.
With all this globalization the
language barriers can create misunderstandings, but according to (Kate,
2007) ‘‘Language barriers are a common challenge in international business
settings—and a two-way process. What native speakers often don't realize is
that frequently it is not the other person's accent but their own way of
speaking that creates the greatest barriers to effective communication. Use the
strategies below to ensure you're not putting up your own roadblocks to
effective international communication.’’
There are some specific
ways and steps to reduce these barriers.
- 1 Speak slowly and clearly
- 2 Ask for clarification
- 3 Frequently check for understanding
- 4 Avoid idioms
- 5 Be careful of jargon
- 6 Define the basics of business
- 7 Be specific
- 8 Choose your medium of communication effectively
- 9 Provide information via multiple channels (non-verbal communication)
- 10 Be patient
From my point of view I think
that always is going to exist barriers in communication because basically there
are a lot of languages and this is going to cause misunderstandings but there
are some ways to reduce this problems across borders.
-
Knapp, M., & Daly, J. (2011). Intercultural Prespectives.
In The SAGE Handbook of
Interpersonal Communication (Fourth
ed., p. 800). SAGE.
-
Hofstede, G. (2001). Masculinity and Femininity. In Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values,
Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations (Second ed., p. 596). SAGE.
-
Dictionary (Def. 1). (n.d). In Merriam
webster online, Retrieved February 19, 2015, from
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jargon
-
Dictionary (Def. 1). (n.d). In Merriam
webster online, Retrieved February 19, 2015, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/argot
-
Berardo, K. (2007, January 1). 10 Strategies for Overcoming
Language Barriers. Retrieved March 6, 2015, from
http://www.culturosity.com/pdfs/10 Strategies for Overcoming Language
Barriers.pdf
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